See przed on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*perdъ<id:before>",
"id": "before",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Slavic *perdъ\nKashubian przed",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
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"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
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{
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"5": "",
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *perdъ",
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},
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"3": "*perdъ"
},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Slavic *perdъ\nKashubian przed\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *perdъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "przede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "przed",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"przed"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"przed"
]
}
],
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kashubian entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kashubian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kashubian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes time; before"
],
"id": "en-przed-csb-prep-JqMaFRne",
"info_templates": [
{
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"1": "csb",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes time; before [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Kashubian entries with etymology trees",
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},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
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"parents": [],
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}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes location; before, in front of; ahead of"
],
"id": "en-przed-csb-prep-xPkHOA1J",
"info_templates": [
{
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"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
],
[
"ahead of",
"ahead of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes location; before, in front of; ahead of [with instrumental]"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛt/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛt"
}
],
"word": "przed"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "przed"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "przed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
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"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Slavic *perdъ\nOld Polish przed",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
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},
{
"args": {
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},
{
"args": {
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"4": "",
"5": "",
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"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *perdъ",
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},
{
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},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Slavic *perdъ\nOld Polish przed\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *perdъ. First attested in the 14th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "przede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "przed",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
17
]
],
"ref": "c. 1301-1350, Kazania świętokrzyskie^(scan transliteration, transcription), Miechów, page cr 30:",
"text": "Pred uolem a pred oslem v yaslkach s[ię położył] bil",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
37
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]^(scan transliteration, transcription), Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 71, 5:",
"text": "Przebiwacz *bodze se slunczem y przed *mesoczem (ante lunam) w pocolene y w pocolene",
"translation": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
27
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1422], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 1099, Poznań:",
"text": "Yaco ne szabyl szarni przet yego psy any gey iego psi gonily do yego wsy",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
41
]
],
"ref": "1908 [c. 1500], Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Towarzystwa Naukowego Warszawskiego, volume V, page 12:",
"text": "Angyyel palmą rayszką yey dal, aby przeth panną noszona, gdy do grobu prowadzona",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
22
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 822:",
"text": "Takoz za ssobą y przed sobą byl (sc. Jesus) tako sylnye vbyth, yze v yego vschythkym zyvoczye... nye bylo myescza czalego",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes location; before, in front of; ahead of"
],
"id": "en-przed-zlw-opl-prep-xPkHOA1J",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
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},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
],
[
"ahead of",
"ahead of"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) denotes location; before, in front of; ahead of [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
42
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1390], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 82, Poznań:",
"text": "Jaco Potrek ne obszaloual Sandziuoya przet szeczø nedzel",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1391], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 284, Poznań:",
"text": "Jako mi sø Wanczlaw poclonil przeth swantim Marczinem",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
42
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “II Par”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), section 22,1:",
"text": "Wszitci gyny wyøczsy vrodzenym, gysz przed nym (ante eum) bily, zmordowany sø",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
24
]
],
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 37:",
"text": "Gdysz gescze byla przeth lathy alybo molthsza (pro mlothsza) lath (dum... esset minor annis)",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
62,
67
]
],
"ref": "1972 [15th century], Józef Reczek, Wacław Twardzik, editors, Najstarsze staropolskie tłumaczenie ortyli magdeburskich wg rkpsu nr 50, pages 42, 1:",
"text": "Zalowal szyą Pyotr na Andrzeya, ysze chcze gy wygnacz sz domv przed czasszem",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes time; before"
],
"id": "en-przed-zlw-opl-prep-JqMaFRne",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
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]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Masovia) denotes time; before [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
40
]
],
"ref": "1967 [1394], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty kościańskie, volume III, number 65, Kościan:",
"text": "Iaco Buthka... uczinila zaplaczene przed Yanem",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
36
]
],
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie^(transliteration, transcription), Krakow, page 4b:",
"text": "Dzeczøthko... gestcy ono bilo przeth svø milø mathkø plakalo, allecz... [p]przed svøth[y]my angoly gestcy szø ono bylo ssmalo",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
24
]
],
"ref": "1915 [Fifteenth century], Jan Łoś, editor, Przegląd językowych zabytków staropolskich do r. 1543, page 444:",
"text": "Then, ktho mye przethobą (leg. przed tobą) vyny, memv szerczv czyaskoscz czyny",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes witnesses to an action; in front of"
],
"id": "en-przed-zlw-opl-prep-ugK~sFvo",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
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"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland; attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Lesser Poland) denotes witnesses to an action; in front of [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
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22,
27
]
],
"ref": "1928 [End of the fifteenth century], Jan Janów, editor, Zespół ewangelijny Biblioteki Ordynacji Zamoyskich nr 1116^(transliteration, transcription), Warsaw, page 287:",
"text": "Byly sprawyedlywy oba przed bogyem (ante deum Luc 1, 6)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"according to, in someone's opinion"
],
"id": "en-przed-zlw-opl-prep-uM3hVq3T",
"info_templates": [
{
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},
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}
],
"links": [
[
"according to",
"according to"
],
[
"opinion",
"opinion"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) according to, in someone's opinion [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
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},
{
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],
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13,
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57,
61
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],
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie^(transliteration, transcription), Krakow, page 11b:",
"text": "Isci szø ony pred luczmy vkaszugø dobrzy, allecz ony szø pred bodzem sly",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in relation to"
],
"id": "en-przed-zlw-opl-prep-4MeH~kef",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"in relation to",
"in relation to"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) in relation to [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
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34,
39
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],
"ref": "1967 [1420], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty kościańskie, volume III, number 812, Kościan:",
"text": "Yaco Marczin nye mogl przeyachadz przed slim powetrzim ieszora oglandacz",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"because of"
],
"id": "en-przed-zlw-opl-prep-Ca1GU7O3",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
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]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"because of",
"because of"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) because of [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
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29,
33
]
],
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie^(transliteration, transcription), Krakow, page 5b:",
"text": "Chosci bi gy (sc. synka) ona pred szimnem bila przycrila",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes source of fear; of"
],
"id": "en-przed-zlw-opl-prep-hV2IIO13",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
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},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) denotes source of fear; of [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
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{
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36,
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],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “I Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), section 20,2:",
"text": "Ale genø tø rzecz zatayl ocyecz moy przede mnø",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes a person blocking an action"
],
"id": "en-przed-zlw-opl-prep-U~lHGWzo",
"info_templates": [
{
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"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes a person blocking an action [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 4 3 1 0 0 3 3 6 3 3 3 3 4 3 0 7 3 3 3 4 4 0 1 3 1 3 3 4 3 4 1 0",
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 3 3 1 0 0 3 5 7 3 3 3 3 3 4 0 7 3 3 3 3 4 0 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 2 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 4 1 0 0 5 5 17 4 5 5 10 5 5 0 18 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 4 1 0 0 5 6 16 4 5 5 9 5 6 0 18 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 2 2 1 5 5 15 4 5 5 9 5 5 1 16 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
33,
38
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]^(scan transliteration, transcription), Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 134, 5:",
"text": "Welyky gest gospodzyn a bog nasz przed wszemy boghy (prae omnibus diis)",
"translation": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
33,
39
]
],
"ref": "1415, Przecław Słota, O zachowaniu się przy stole, Łęczyca, Poznań, line 84:",
"text": "Ya wasz chwalø, panny, pane, ysz przeth wami niczsz lepszego ne",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
34,
40
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), section 20,3:",
"text": "Nye bødzyesz myecz bogow czudzich przede mnø (coram me)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in comparisons; than"
],
"id": "en-przed-zlw-opl-prep-kVNzSien",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland) used in comparisons; than [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 165:",
"text": "Yestesmy przed trzemy personamy (sub personis tribus) v yednym bostvye",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes a form or shape which someone takes; as"
],
"id": "en-przed-zlw-opl-prep-9VG0WfSF",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"as",
"as"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes a form or shape which someone takes; as [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]^(scan transliteration, transcription), Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page Ath 1:",
"text": "Ktorykole chcze zbawon bycz, przede wszym (ante omnia) potrz[e]byszno gest, aby dzerszal krzesc[ij]anskø werø",
"translation": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes higher position of importance; above"
],
"id": "en-przed-zlw-opl-prep-nwpcQxgi",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) denotes higher position of importance; above [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
36,
40
]
],
"ref": "c. 1301-1350, Kazania świętokrzyskie^(scan transliteration, transcription), Miechów, page ar 5:",
"text": "Pospesihø sø do coscola na modlituø pred boga usemogøcego",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
40
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 253:",
"text": "Vyrzvczyly y (leg. ji, sc. Jesusa) przed myasto (extra civitatem Luc 4, 29)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes movement; in front of"
],
"id": "en-przed-zlw-opl-prep-heIN~HEC",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) denotes movement; in front of [with accusative]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
40,
45
]
],
"ref": "1415, Przecław Słota, O zachowaniu się przy stole, Łęczyca, Poznań, line 71:",
"text": "Panny, na to szø trzymaycze, male køszy przed szø kraycze",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forward; ahead of"
],
"id": "en-przed-zlw-opl-prep-5prjfsts",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"ahead of",
"ahead of"
]
],
"qualifier": "Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland) forward; ahead of [with accusative]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
55,
62
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 580:",
"text": "Vyeczczye, yzecz rychlo vstane z marthvych... y przydą pr[z]ed vass (praecedam vos Mat 26, 32) do Galyleey",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes time; before"
],
"id": "en-przed-zlw-opl-prep-JqMaFRne1",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes time; before [with accusative]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
51
]
],
"ref": "1937 [Fifteenth century], Středověké listy ze Slovenska. Sbírka listů a listin, psaných jazykem národném., volume I, Lesser Poland, page 23:",
"text": "Thv my szya nye vszpravyethlyvyl, gdzye szyą przeth vaszą myloszcz oblygoval, ysz my myal zaplaczycz",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes person accompanying an action; before"
],
"id": "en-przed-zlw-opl-prep-5Gq1CRdR",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) denotes person accompanying an action; before [with accusative]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
36,
41
]
],
"english": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"ref": "1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. \"Ortyls\"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 58:",
"text": "Kyedy dlusznyk wynydzye sz myasztha przed dlugy (propter debita)",
"translation": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"because of"
],
"id": "en-przed-zlw-opl-prep-Ca1GU7O31",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"because of",
"because of"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) because of [with accusative]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 4 3 1 0 0 3 3 6 3 3 3 3 4 3 0 7 3 3 3 4 4 0 1 3 1 3 3 4 3 4 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 4 3 0 0 0 3 4 6 3 3 3 4 4 3 0 6 3 3 3 4 4 0 1 3 1 3 3 4 3 4 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 3 3 1 0 0 3 5 7 3 3 3 3 3 4 0 7 3 3 3 3 4 0 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 2 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 4 1 0 0 5 5 17 4 5 5 10 5 5 0 18 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 4 1 0 0 5 6 16 4 5 5 9 5 6 0 18 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 2 2 1 5 5 15 4 5 5 9 5 5 1 16 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
28
]
],
"ref": "1415, Przecław Słota, O zachowaniu się przy stole, Łęczyca, Poznań, line 110:",
"text": "Przymicze tho powedane przed waszø czescz, panni, pane",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"for, benefiting"
],
"id": "en-przed-zlw-opl-prep-Wo~6Dy5j",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
]
],
"qualifier": "Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland) for, benefiting [with accusative]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dla"
},
{
"word": "ku"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
41,
46
]
],
"ref": "1972 [15th century], Józef Reczek, Wacław Twardzik, editors, Najstarsze staropolskie tłumaczenie ortyli magdeburskich wg rkpsu nr 50, pages 89, 1:",
"text": "Czokoly szwyathczy gayony sand, to gydze przed wszythky gyne szwyadeczstwa",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes higher position of importance; above"
],
"id": "en-przed-zlw-opl-prep-nwpcQxgi1",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes higher position of importance; above [with accusative]"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pr̝ɛt/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pr̝ɛt/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "przed"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "poprzedni"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "przedni"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "uprzedni"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "poprzednik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"prefix"
],
"word": "przed-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "poprzedzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "poprzedzać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "uprzedzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "uprzedzać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wyprzedzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wyprzedzać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:przed<id:before>",
"id": "before",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Slavic *perdъ\nOld Polish przed\nPolish przed",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "przed",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish przed",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "przed"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish przed",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Slavic *perdъ\nOld Polish przed\nPolish przed\nInherited from Old Polish przed.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "przede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "prep"
},
"expansion": "przed",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"przed"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"przed"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "za"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 17 20 2 6 14 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 14 9 14 11 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes location; before, in front of; ahead of"
],
"id": "en-przed-pl-prep-xPkHOA1J",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
],
[
"ahead of",
"ahead of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes location; before, in front of; ahead of [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "sprzed"
},
{
"word": "za"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 17 20 2 6 14 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 14 9 14 11 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes movement; in front of"
],
"id": "en-przed-pl-prep-heIN~HEC",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes movement; in front of [with accusative]"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "po"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 17 20 2 6 14 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 14 9 14 11 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes time; before"
],
"id": "en-przed-pl-prep-JqMaFRne",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
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]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes time; before [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "po"
},
{
"word": "za"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 16 21 2 9 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 15 17 20 2 6 14 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 14 9 14 11 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"denotes how long ago something happened; ago"
],
"id": "en-przed-pl-prep-VnrLqrxb",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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]
},
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],
"links": [
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"ago",
"ago"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes how long ago something happened; ago [with instrumental]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "temu"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-przed-pl-prep-JQnU17zd",
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przed obliczem"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 14 9 14 11 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"english": "to flee from something",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "uciekać przed czymś",
"translation": "to flee from something",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"english": "to hide from somebody",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "chować się przed kimś",
"translation": "to hide from somebody",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in government with some verbs to denote prevention; against, for; from"
],
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"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
],
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"from",
"from"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
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]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 17 20 2 6 14 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 14 9 14 11 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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],
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"info_templates": [
{
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"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
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"in front of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"synonyms": [
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"word": "przy"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
},
{
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"source": "w"
},
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"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 15 17 20 2 6 14 11",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 14 9 14 11 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
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}
],
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],
"id": "en-przed-pl-prep-MHOQgmnc",
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[
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"dla#Polish"
]
],
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],
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"tags": [
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"synonym-of"
],
"word": "dla"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpr̝ɛt/",
"tags": [
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"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛt/",
"tags": [
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"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʂɛt]",
"note": "Kociewie"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʂɛt]",
"note": "Lubawa"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʂɛt]",
"note": "Ostróda"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛt"
},
{
"homophone": "przed-"
}
],
"word": "przed"
}
{
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"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:przed<id:before>",
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"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Slavic *perdъ\nOld Polish przed\nSilesian przed",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
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"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
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},
{
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},
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},
{
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"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
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"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
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},
{
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"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "przed"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish przed",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Slavic *perdъ\nOld Polish przed\nSilesian przed\nInherited from Old Polish przed.",
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"tags": [
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]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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},
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"name": "head"
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],
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],
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]
}
],
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}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 19 16 23 6 2",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
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}
],
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],
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},
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],
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],
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],
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}
]
},
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],
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"_dis": "17 17 19 16 23 6 2",
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},
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"kind": "other",
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}
],
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],
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"info_templates": [
{
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"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
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]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
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"word": "pod"
}
]
},
{
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}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 19 16 23 6 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 15 13 17 17 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
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"info_templates": [
{
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"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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]
},
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}
],
"links": [
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"before",
"before"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes time; before [with instrumental]"
],
"synonyms": [
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"word": "zanim"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 19 16 23 6 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 15 13 17 17 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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],
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},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
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},
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}
],
"links": [
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"in front of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes witnesses to an action; in front of [with instrumental]"
],
"synonyms": [
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"word": "przi"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "po"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 14 18 15 24 10 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 19 16 23 6 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 15 13 17 17 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes how long ago something happened; ago"
],
"id": "en-przed-szl-prep-VnrLqrxb",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"ago",
"ago"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes how long ago something happened; ago [with instrumental]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tymu"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 14 15 13 17 17 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in government with some verbs to denote prevention; against, for"
],
"id": "en-przed-szl-prep-HUSXeI2M",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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]
},
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}
],
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"against"
],
[
"for",
"for"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ôd"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 14 15 13 17 17 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-przed-szl-prep-JQnU17zd",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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]
},
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}
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛt/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛt"
}
],
"word": "przed"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Kashubian entries with incorrect language header",
"Kashubian lemmas",
"Kashubian prepositions",
"Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"Kashubian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Rhymes:Kashubian/ɛt",
"Rhymes:Kashubian/ɛt/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"tree": "1"
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},
{
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},
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},
{
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},
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{
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"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *perdъ",
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},
{
"args": {
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"3": "*perdъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perdъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Slavic *perdъ\nKashubian przed\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *perdъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "przede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "przed",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
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],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
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]
}
],
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"denotes time; before"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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},
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}
],
"links": [
[
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"before"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes time; before [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
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],
"info_templates": [
{
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},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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},
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],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
],
[
"ahead of",
"ahead of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes location; before, in front of; ahead of [with instrumental]"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛt/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛt"
}
],
"word": "przed"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish prepositions",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "przed"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "przed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"2": ":inh",
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"id": "before",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Slavic *perdъ\nOld Polish przed",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
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},
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{
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"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *perdъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "*perdъ"
},
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"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Slavic *perdъ\nOld Polish przed\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *perdъ. First attested in the 14th century.",
"forms": [
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"tags": [
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}
],
"head_templates": [
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"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "przed",
"name": "head"
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],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
17
]
],
"ref": "c. 1301-1350, Kazania świętokrzyskie^(scan transliteration, transcription), Miechów, page cr 30:",
"text": "Pred uolem a pred oslem v yaslkach s[ię położył] bil",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
37
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]^(scan transliteration, transcription), Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 71, 5:",
"text": "Przebiwacz *bodze se slunczem y przed *mesoczem (ante lunam) w pocolene y w pocolene",
"translation": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
27
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1422], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 1099, Poznań:",
"text": "Yaco ne szabyl szarni przet yego psy any gey iego psi gonily do yego wsy",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
41
]
],
"ref": "1908 [c. 1500], Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Towarzystwa Naukowego Warszawskiego, volume V, page 12:",
"text": "Angyyel palmą rayszką yey dal, aby przeth panną noszona, gdy do grobu prowadzona",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
22
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 822:",
"text": "Takoz za ssobą y przed sobą byl (sc. Jesus) tako sylnye vbyth, yze v yego vschythkym zyvoczye... nye bylo myescza czalego",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes location; before, in front of; ahead of"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
],
[
"ahead of",
"ahead of"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) denotes location; before, in front of; ahead of [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
42
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1390], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 82, Poznań:",
"text": "Jaco Potrek ne obszaloual Sandziuoya przet szeczø nedzel",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1391], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 284, Poznań:",
"text": "Jako mi sø Wanczlaw poclonil przeth swantim Marczinem",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
42
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “II Par”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), section 22,1:",
"text": "Wszitci gyny wyøczsy vrodzenym, gysz przed nym (ante eum) bily, zmordowany sø",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
24
]
],
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 37:",
"text": "Gdysz gescze byla przeth lathy alybo molthsza (pro mlothsza) lath (dum... esset minor annis)",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
62,
67
]
],
"ref": "1972 [15th century], Józef Reczek, Wacław Twardzik, editors, Najstarsze staropolskie tłumaczenie ortyli magdeburskich wg rkpsu nr 50, pages 42, 1:",
"text": "Zalowal szyą Pyotr na Andrzeya, ysze chcze gy wygnacz sz domv przed czasszem",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes time; before"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
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]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Masovia) denotes time; before [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
40
]
],
"ref": "1967 [1394], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty kościańskie, volume III, number 65, Kościan:",
"text": "Iaco Buthka... uczinila zaplaczene przed Yanem",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
36
]
],
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie^(transliteration, transcription), Krakow, page 4b:",
"text": "Dzeczøthko... gestcy ono bilo przeth svø milø mathkø plakalo, allecz... [p]przed svøth[y]my angoly gestcy szø ono bylo ssmalo",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
24
]
],
"ref": "1915 [Fifteenth century], Jan Łoś, editor, Przegląd językowych zabytków staropolskich do r. 1543, page 444:",
"text": "Then, ktho mye przethobą (leg. przed tobą) vyny, memv szerczv czyaskoscz czyny",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes witnesses to an action; in front of"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland; attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Lesser Poland) denotes witnesses to an action; in front of [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
27
]
],
"ref": "1928 [End of the fifteenth century], Jan Janów, editor, Zespół ewangelijny Biblioteki Ordynacji Zamoyskich nr 1116^(transliteration, transcription), Warsaw, page 287:",
"text": "Byly sprawyedlywy oba przed bogyem (ante deum Luc 1, 6)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"according to, in someone's opinion"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"according to",
"according to"
],
[
"opinion",
"opinion"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) according to, in someone's opinion [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
17
],
[
57,
61
]
],
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie^(transliteration, transcription), Krakow, page 11b:",
"text": "Isci szø ony pred luczmy vkaszugø dobrzy, allecz ony szø pred bodzem sly",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in relation to"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"in relation to",
"in relation to"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) in relation to [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
34,
39
]
],
"ref": "1967 [1420], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty kościańskie, volume III, number 812, Kościan:",
"text": "Yaco Marczin nye mogl przeyachadz przed slim powetrzim ieszora oglandacz",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"because of"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"because of",
"because of"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) because of [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
33
]
],
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie^(transliteration, transcription), Krakow, page 5b:",
"text": "Chosci bi gy (sc. synka) ona pred szimnem bila przycrila",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes source of fear; of"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"of",
"of"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) denotes source of fear; of [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
36,
42
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “I Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), section 20,2:",
"text": "Ale genø tø rzecz zatayl ocyecz moy przede mnø",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes a person blocking an action"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes a person blocking an action [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
33,
38
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]^(scan transliteration, transcription), Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 134, 5:",
"text": "Welyky gest gospodzyn a bog nasz przed wszemy boghy (prae omnibus diis)",
"translation": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
33,
39
]
],
"ref": "1415, Przecław Słota, O zachowaniu się przy stole, Łęczyca, Poznań, line 84:",
"text": "Ya wasz chwalø, panny, pane, ysz przeth wami niczsz lepszego ne",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
34,
40
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), section 20,3:",
"text": "Nye bødzyesz myecz bogow czudzich przede mnø (coram me)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in comparisons; than"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland) used in comparisons; than [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 165:",
"text": "Yestesmy przed trzemy personamy (sub personis tribus) v yednym bostvye",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes a form or shape which someone takes; as"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"as",
"as"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes a form or shape which someone takes; as [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
35
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],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]^(scan transliteration, transcription), Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page Ath 1:",
"text": "Ktorykole chcze zbawon bycz, przede wszym (ante omnia) potrz[e]byszno gest, aby dzerszal krzesc[ij]anskø werø",
"translation": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes higher position of importance; above"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) denotes higher position of importance; above [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
36,
40
]
],
"ref": "c. 1301-1350, Kazania świętokrzyskie^(scan transliteration, transcription), Miechów, page ar 5:",
"text": "Pospesihø sø do coscola na modlituø pred boga usemogøcego",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
40
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 253:",
"text": "Vyrzvczyly y (leg. ji, sc. Jesusa) przed myasto (extra civitatem Luc 4, 29)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes movement; in front of"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) denotes movement; in front of [with accusative]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
40,
45
]
],
"ref": "1415, Przecław Słota, O zachowaniu się przy stole, Łęczyca, Poznań, line 71:",
"text": "Panny, na to szø trzymaycze, male køszy przed szø kraycze",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forward; ahead of"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"ahead of",
"ahead of"
]
],
"qualifier": "Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland) forward; ahead of [with accusative]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
55,
62
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 580:",
"text": "Vyeczczye, yzecz rychlo vstane z marthvych... y przydą pr[z]ed vass (praecedam vos Mat 26, 32) do Galyleey",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes time; before"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes time; before [with accusative]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
51
]
],
"ref": "1937 [Fifteenth century], Středověké listy ze Slovenska. Sbírka listů a listin, psaných jazykem národném., volume I, Lesser Poland, page 23:",
"text": "Thv my szya nye vszpravyethlyvyl, gdzye szyą przeth vaszą myloszcz oblygoval, ysz my myal zaplaczycz",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes person accompanying an action; before"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) denotes person accompanying an action; before [with accusative]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
36,
41
]
],
"english": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"ref": "1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. \"Ortyls\"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 58:",
"text": "Kyedy dlusznyk wynydzye sz myasztha przed dlugy (propter debita)",
"translation": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"because of"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"because of",
"because of"
]
],
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"(attested in Greater Poland) because of [with accusative]"
]
},
{
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"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish"
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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23,
28
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"ref": "1415, Przecław Słota, O zachowaniu się przy stole, Łęczyca, Poznań, line 110:",
"text": "Przymicze tho powedane przed waszø czescz, panni, pane",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"for, benefiting"
],
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},
"name": "+obj"
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],
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[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
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],
"qualifier": "Greater Poland",
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"(attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland) for, benefiting [with accusative]"
],
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},
{
"word": "ku"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
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46
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"ref": "1972 [15th century], Józef Reczek, Wacław Twardzik, editors, Najstarsze staropolskie tłumaczenie ortyli magdeburskich wg rkpsu nr 50, pages 89, 1:",
"text": "Czokoly szwyathczy gayony sand, to gydze przed wszythky gyne szwyadeczstwa",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes higher position of importance; above"
],
"info_templates": [
{
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"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
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},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
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[
"above",
"above"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes higher position of importance; above [with accusative]"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pr̝ɛt/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pr̝ɛt/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "przed"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish prepositions",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛt",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛt/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "poprzedni"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "przedni"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "uprzedni"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "poprzednik"
},
{
"tags": [
"prefix"
],
"word": "przed-"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
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},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "poprzedzać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "uprzedzić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "uprzedzać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wyprzedzić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wyprzedzać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:przed<id:before>",
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"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Slavic *perdъ\nOld Polish przed\nPolish przed",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
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},
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{
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"4": "",
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"g": "",
"g2": "",
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"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
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"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "przed"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish przed",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Slavic *perdъ\nOld Polish przed\nPolish przed\nInherited from Old Polish przed.",
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"tags": [
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}
],
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{
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},
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"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"przed"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"przed"
]
}
],
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"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "za"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes location; before, in front of; ahead of"
],
"info_templates": [
{
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"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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},
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],
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[
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],
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"ahead of"
]
],
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"denotes location; before, in front of; ahead of [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "sprzed"
},
{
"word": "za"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes movement; in front of"
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
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]
},
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}
],
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"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
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"denotes movement; in front of [with accusative]"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "po"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes time; before"
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
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"before",
"before"
]
],
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]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "po"
},
{
"word": "za"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes how long ago something happened; ago"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"ago",
"ago"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes how long ago something happened; ago [with instrumental]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "temu"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"before (under consideration, judgment, authority of)"
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przed obliczem"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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8,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"english": "to flee from something",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "uciekać przed czymś",
"translation": "to flee from something",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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11,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
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8,
12
]
],
"english": "to hide from somebody",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "chować się przed kimś",
"translation": "to hide from somebody",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in government with some verbs to denote prevention; against, for; from"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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"instrumental"
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},
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}
],
"links": [
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"against",
"against"
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],
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"used in government with some verbs to denote prevention; against, for; from [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"denotes witnesses to an action; in front of"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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},
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}
],
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"in front of"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes witnesses to an action; in front of [with instrumental]"
],
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"word": "przy"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"Malbork Polish",
"Ostróda Polish"
],
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],
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[
"dla",
"dla#Polish"
]
],
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"(Malbork, Lubawa, Ostróda) synonym of dla"
],
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{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "dla"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpr̝ɛt/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛt/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʂɛt]",
"note": "Kociewie"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʂɛt]",
"note": "Lubawa"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʂɛt]",
"note": "Ostróda"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛt"
},
{
"homophone": "przed-"
}
],
"word": "przed"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Rhymes:Silesian/ɛt",
"Rhymes:Silesian/ɛt/1 syllable",
"Silesian entries with etymology trees",
"Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Silesian lemmas",
"Silesian prepositions",
"Silesian terms derived from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"Silesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Silesian terms with audio pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"tree": "1"
},
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"name": "etymon"
},
{
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{
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{
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"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish przed",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "przed"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish przed",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Slavic *perdъ\nOld Polish przed\nSilesian przed\nInherited from Old Polish przed.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "przedy",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
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"2": "preposition"
},
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"name": "head"
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],
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"przed"
],
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{
"parts": [
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],
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{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "za"
}
],
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"denotes location; before, in front of"
],
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{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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],
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],
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"word": "pod"
}
]
},
{
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"word": "za"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes movement; in front of"
],
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{
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"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
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],
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],
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}
]
},
{
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{
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}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes time; before"
],
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{
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"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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]
},
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}
],
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"before"
]
],
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"denotes time; before [with instrumental]"
],
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{
"word": "zanim"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"denotes witnesses to an action; in front of"
],
"info_templates": [
{
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},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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}
],
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"in front of"
]
],
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"denotes witnesses to an action; in front of [with instrumental]"
],
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{
"word": "przi"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "po"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes how long ago something happened; ago"
],
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{
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"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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],
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"ago"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes how long ago something happened; ago [with instrumental]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tymu"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"used in government with some verbs to denote prevention; against, for"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
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},
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],
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],
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"used in government with some verbs to denote prevention; against, for [with instrumental]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ôd"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
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],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
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},
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],
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[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛt/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛt"
}
],
"word": "przed"
}
Download raw JSONL data for przed meaning in All languages combined (34.8kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Masovia",
"path": [
"przed"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przed",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Masovia",
"path": [
"przed"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przed",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland",
"path": [
"przed"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przed",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland",
"path": [
"przed"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przed",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland",
"path": [
"przed"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przed",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland",
"path": [
"przed"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przed",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland",
"path": [
"przed"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przed",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland",
"path": [
"przed"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przed",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Malbork, Lubawa, Ostróda",
"path": [
"przed"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przed",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Malbork, Lubawa, Ostróda",
"path": [
"przed"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przed",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Malbork, Lubawa, Ostróda",
"path": [
"przed"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przed",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Malbork, Lubawa, Ostróda",
"path": [
"przed"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przed",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Malbork, Lubawa, Ostróda",
"path": [
"przed"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przed",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Malbork, Lubawa, Ostróda",
"path": [
"przed"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przed",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (96027d6 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.